XVI. THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE--I 159

XVII. THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE--II 176

XVIII. BRAZIL: FROM COLONY TO EMPIRE 185

XIX. THE EMPIRE OF BRAZIL 201

XX. FROM EMPIRE TO REPUBLIC 211

XXI. MODERN BRAZIL 220

XXII. THE INDEPENDENCE OF SPANISH AMERICA 228

XXIII. THE REPUBLIC OF PERU 237

XXIV. THE REPUBLIC OF PARAGUAY 245

XXV. THE PARAGUAYAN WAR 255

XXVI. THE REPUBLIC OF CHILE 264

XXVII. THE REPUBLICS OF THE RIVER PLATE 272

XXVIII. THE NORTHERN REPUBLICS 283

INDEX 295