In 1881 there were six hundred and sixty-seven Jews in Canada.

In 1901 there were sixteen thousand. To-day it is estimated there are
twenty thousand each in Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg. These Jews have
not gone out to the land. They have crowded into the industrial
centers reproducing the housing evils from which they fled the European
Ghetto. There are sections of Winnipeg and Montreal and Toronto where
the very streets reek of Bowery smells. When they go to the woods or
the land, these people have not the stamina to stand up to hard work.
Yet in the cities, by hook or crook, by push-cart and trade, they
acquire wealth. On the charity organization of the cities they impose
terrible burdens during Canada's long cold winter.

In one section of the western prairie are 150,000 Galicians. Of
Austrians and Germans--the Germans chiefly from Austria and
Russia--there are 800,000 in Canada, or a population equal to the city
of Montreal. Of Italians at last report there were fully 60,000 in
Canada. In one era of seven years there took up permanent abode in
Canada 121,000 Austrians, 50,000 Jews, 60,000 Italians, 60,000 Poles
and Russians, 40,000 Scandinavians. When you consider that by actual
count in the United States in 1900, 1,000 foreign-born immigrants had
612 children, compared to 1,000 Americans having 296 children, it is
simply inconceivable but that this vast influx of alien life should not
work tremendous and portentous changes in Canada's life, as a similar
influx has completely changed the face of some American institutions in
twenty years. Immigration to Canada has jumped from 54,000 in
1851-1861 to 142,000 in 1881-1891, and to 2,000,000 in 1901-1911. It
has not come in feeble rivulets that lost their identity in the main
current--as in the United States up to 1840. It has come to Canada in