as ripe as they would get. These as well as the black walnuts
showed distinct signs of lacking summer heat needed for their
proper development. The last two nuts on hazilbert No. 2 and the
only nut on hazilbert No. 4 were picked at this time and were ripe.
Chestnut burrs had opened up and the nuts enclosed were fully
mature.

October 19 and 20: I found the last of the Winkler hazelnuts had
been picked during the previous week, approximately October 14.
These were left the longest on the bush of any hazel and still were
not ripe although they were not entirely killed by the several
frosts occurring before that time. They are always much later than
the wild hazel."

On October 20, I had an opportunity of comparing the action of frost on
the leaves of these plants. Those of the White Aveline type had not
changed color and were very green. The leaves of the Jones hybrid showed
some coloration but nothing to compare with those of the Winkler hazel,
many of which had the most beautiful colors of any of the trees on the
farm--red, orange and yellow bronze. Hazilbert No. 1, which resembles a
wild hazel in appearance and habits of growth, had colored much earlier
in reaction to the frost and was as brightly tinted as the wild hazel
and Winkler plants except that, like the wild hazel, it had already lost
much of its foliage. Some of the wild hazels were entirely devoid of
leaves at this time. Hazilbert No. 5 showed the best color effects with
No. 4 second and No. 2 last.

The color of the leaves and the action of the frost on the plants during
the autumn is another thing, in my opinion, that helps to differentiate
between and to classify European filberts, American hazels and their