0.7778. The number of cubic yards of sand used in any section can be
found by multiplying the sum of the figures for that section in Columns
4, 6, and 10 by 0.3889.

Channeling with a 10-ft quarry bar, carrying a No. 4 Ingersoll-Rand
drill with Z-bits, was attempted in place of the close drilling below
the walls, but, as the rock stood so nearly vertical and was full of
soft seams, very little could be accomplished, the average cut per day
of 10 hours, counting the time of moving and setting up, was only 4 sq.
ft., and, after a thorough trial, the bars were abandoned.

_Disposal._--The excavated material was hauled from the shovels to the
pier in 10-car trains. The cars were of three classes: 4-yd. Western
dump-cars, flat cars without skips, and flats carrying specially
designed steel skips having a capacity of 4 cu. yd. each. As far as
practicable, earth, and rock containing 1 cu. yd. or less, was loaded
on dumpers, medium-sized rock on the skips, and large rock on the bare
flats. As a steam shovel must pick up what is nearest to it first,
however, this classification could not always be adhered to, and many
large rocks were loaded into dumpers. Cars of this class which contained
no material too large to dump were run at once to the hoppers, and were
dumped and returned to the pit; others, together with the flat and skip
cars, were run down the incline to the derricks and telphers, where the
flats and skips were entirely unloaded, and the large rocks ware removed
from the dumpers, after which they were run to the hoppers and emptied.

The total quantity of excavated material handled at this pier from May
22d, 1905, to December 31st, 1908, amounted to 673,800 cu. yd. of earth
and 1,488,000 cu. yd. of rock, place measurement, equal to 3,203,400 cu.
yd., scow measurement; in addition to which 175,000 cu. yd. of crushed