Logic - Deductive and Inductive by Carveth Read
page 80 of 478 (16%)
page 80 of 478 (16%)
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U. Toto-total Affirmative -- All X is all Y.
A. Toto-partial Affirmative -- All X is some Y. Y. Parti-total Affirmative -- Some X is all Y. I. Parti-partial Affirmative -- Some X is some Y. E. Toto-total Negative -- No X is any Y. η. Toto-partial Negative -- No X is some Y. O. Parti-total Negative -- Some X is not any Y. Ï. Parti-partial Negative -- Some X is not some Y. Here A. I. E. O. correspond with those similarly symbolised in the usual list, merely designating in the predicates the quantity which was formerly treated as implicit. § 4. As to Relation, propositions are either Categorical or Conditional. A Categorical Proposition is one in which the predicate is directly affirmed or denied of the subject without any limitation of time, place, or circumstance, extraneous to the subject, as _All men in England are secure of justice_; in which proposition, though there is a limitation of place ('in England'), it is included in the subject. Of this kind are nearly all the examples that have yet been given, according to the form _S is P_. A Conditional Proposition is so called because the predication is made under some limitation or condition not included in the subject, as _If a man live in England, he is secure of justice_. Here the limitation 'living in England' is put into a conditional sentence extraneous to the subject, 'he,' representing any man. Conditional propositions, again, are of two kinds--Hypothetical and Disjunctive. Hypothetical propositions are those that are limited by an |
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