provisions of the Treaty of Paris. His orders were clear and
unambiguous. The French right of fishing within the permitted area was
declared to be concurrent. The English jurisdiction was affirmed
except in disputes between French subjects.

Between the capture of French America and the revolt of the older
English colonies a few years of peace intervened. Cook, the great
discoverer, who had served under Lord Graves in Newfoundland in 1762,
spent the four years from 1763 to 1767 in an invaluable survey of the
island, wherein he showed for the first time its correct shape, and
glancing inland foretold for it a great mining future. The annexation
of Labrador, affected by the proclamation of October 7th, 1763, added
to the area and importance of the colony.

It would be unreasonable to look for religious enlightenment in the
early history of Newfoundland. "Coelum non animum mutant qui trans
mare currunt": there was little tolerance in the England of the
eighteenth century, and even the New England settlers had shamed their
faith by outrages on the Quakers. In Newfoundland religious feeling
ran high, as it has so often done when Roman Catholics and Protestants
live side by side. The Roman Catholic element in Newfoundland, though
a minority, was considerable in numbers: for the sorrows of Ireland
had brought many of her children from one sorely tried island to
another. The Protestant majority, forgetting the tradition of Lord
Baltimore, abused their supremacy. Heavy fines were inflicted on
priests for holding services, and the scenes of their ministrations
were burned to the ground. Mr Pedley quotes a letter, written by
Governor Dorrell, to a bench of magistrates in 1762:

"Whereas I am informed that a Roman Catholic priest is at this time