Suspension of the privilege 315
Clause 3. Attainder and ex post facto laws 315
Bills of attainder 315
Ex post facto laws 316
Definition 316
What constitutes punishment 317
Changes in place or mode of trial 317
Clause 4. Capitation and direct taxes 317
Direct taxes 317
The Hylton case 317
From the Hylton to the Pollock case 318
Restriction of the Pollock decision 319
Miscellaneous 321
Clause 5. Export duties 321
Taxes on exports 321
Stamp taxes 322
Clause 6. "No preference" clause 322
Clause 7. Appropriations and accounting of public mon 323
Appropriations 323
Payment of claims 324
Clause 8. Titles of nobility and gifts from foreign
States 324
Section 10. Powers denied to the States 325
Clause 1. Not to make treaties, coin money, pass ex post
facto laws, impair contracts, etc. 325
Treaties, alliances, or confederations 325
Bills of credit 326
Legal tender 326
Bills of attainder 326
Ex post facto laws 327