perilous voyages, an adaptability to circumstances of all kinds, and an
address in dealing with wild tribes of many different kinds which has
rarely been equalled and never exceeded. "All that we are about to
say of Phoenicia," declares the author recently quoted, "of its rapid
expansion and the influence which it exercised over the nations of the
West, must be understood especially of Tyre and Sidon. The other towns
might furnish sailors to man the Tyrian fleet or merchandise for their
cargo, but it was Sidon first and then (with even more determination
and endurance) Tyre which took the initiative and the conduct of the
movement; it was the mariners of these two towns who, with eyes fixed
on the setting sun, pushed their explorations as far as the Pillars
of Hercules, and eventually even further."[4106] The last and least
important of the Phoenician "worlds" was the southern one, extending
sixty miles from Carmel to Joppa--a tract from which the Phoenician
character was well nigh trampled out by the feet of strangers ever
passing up and down the smooth and featureless region, along which lay
the recognised line of route between Syria and Mesopotamia on the one
hand, Philistia and Egypt on the other.[4107]



CHAPTER V--THE COLONIES

Circumstances which led the Phoenicians to colonise--Their
colonies best grouped geographically--1. Colonies of the
Eastern Mediterranean--in Cyprus, Citium, Amathus, Curium,
Paphos, Salamis, Ammochosta, Tamisus, and Soli;--in Cilicia,
Tarsus;--in Lycia, Phaselis;--in Rhodes, Lindus, Ialysus,
Camirus;--in Crete, and the Cyclades;--in the Northern
Egean; &c. 2. In the Central and Western Mediterranean--in