Already Guyamas is owned in great part by English and American
capitalists. A port on the Gulf of California is necessary to our
Pacific possessions, and must be ours sooner or later. The longer
it is delayed, the worse for American progress on the Pacific.
Arizona needs it at once, as a depot for the export of her ores,
and for the import of goods for the supply of her population.

The Mormon war has closed for years the great emigrant road to
California and Oregon, over the South Pass and Salt Lake valley,
leaving open only the route along the 32d parallel of latitude,
through Arizona. This route is by far the most practicable at all
seasons of the year, and the closing of the South Pass route by
the Mormon difficulty is an additional and urgent argument in
favor of the early organization of this Territory. Fifty thousand
souls will move towards the Pacific early in the spring, if the
route is opened to a secure passage.

The present condition of Arizona Territory is deplorable in the
extreme. Throughout the whole country there is no redress forcrimes or civil injuries-©no courts, no law, no magistrates. The
Territory of New Mexico, to which it is attached by an act of
Congress, affords it neither protection nor sustenance. The
following extracts from letters received by the writer tell the
story of the necessity for early action on the part of Congress,
in urgent terms.


TUBAC, GADSDEN PURCHASE, August 15, 1857.

Affairs in the Territory have not improved. A party of Americans
(our countrymen) had made an "excursion" into Sonora, captured a