great immigration which will follow the development of its
mineral resources. The whole valley of the Gila, more than four
hundred miles in length, can be made with proper exertion to
yield plentiful crops. The Pimos Indians, who live in villages on
the Gila, one hundred and seventy miles from its mouth, raise
large crops of cotton, wheat, and corn, and have for years
supplied the thousands of emigrants who traverse the Territory en
route to California. These Indians manufacture their cotton into
blankets of fine texture and beautiful pattern, which command a
high price. They also grind their corn and wheat, and make bread.
In fact, the Pimos realize in their everyday life something of
our ideas of Aztec civilization. A town will probably grow up
just above the Pimos villages, as there is a rich back country,
and the streams afford a valuable water power for running mills.

The valley of the Santa Cruz traverses the territory from South
to North, sinking near the town of Tueson, and probably finding
its way to the Gila, as a subterranean stream. This valley, of
the richest land, is about one hundred miles long, in many places
of great width, and has on each side of it many rich valleys of
limited extent, watered by streams from the mountains, which flowinto the Santa Cruz. The valleys and Ranches of Arivaca, Sopori,
Calabazas, and Tueson, are those at present most thickly settled.
These produce all the fruits known to a Southern clime--grapes,
wheat, corn, and cotton in great abundance. The San Pedro river
and valley is also one of great richness, and is reported by
Lieut. Parke as capable of sustaining a large population. The
Valle de Sauz, still farther East, more limited than the San
Pedro or Santa Cruz, can be made available for a considerable
population. The Mimbres River also can, by a small outlay, be
made to irrigate a large surface and supply a moderate