lasting affections, are called affective qualities. For pallor
and duskiness of complexion are called qualities, inasmuch as we
are said to be such and such in virtue of them, not only if they
originate in natural constitution, but also if they come about
through long disease or sunburn, and are difficult to remove, or
indeed remain throughout life. For in the same way we are said to
be such and such because of these.

Those conditions, however, which arise from causes which may
easily be rendered ineffective or speedily removed, are called,
not qualities, but affections: for we are not said to be such
virtue of them. The man who blushes through shame is not said to
be a constitutional blusher, nor is the man who becomes pale
through fear said to be constitutionally pale. He is said rather
to have been affected.

Thus such conditions are called affections, not qualities.
In like manner there are affective qualities and affections of
the soul. That temper with which a man is born and which has its
origin in certain deep-seated affections is called a quality. I
mean such conditions as insanity, irascibility, and so on: for
people are said to be mad or irascible in virtue of these.
Similarly those abnormal psychic states which are not inborn, but
arise from the concomitance of certain other elements, and are
difficult to remove, or altogether permanent, are called
qualities, for in virtue of them men are said to be such and
such.

Those, however, which arise from causes easily rendered
ineffective are called affections, not qualities. Suppose that a