individuals; (2) the real efficacy of intercessory prayer; (3)
the reality of our communion with the saints departed; (4) the
constant presence and assistance of the angels of God. Later on
he explained mathematically the importance of the Ember Days:
'Who can tell,' he added, 'the degree of blessing lost to us in
this land by neglecting, as we alone of Christian Churches do
neglect, these holy days?' He then proceeded to convict the
Reformers, not only of rebellion, but'--for my own part I see not
how we can avoid adding--of perjury.' Every day his arguments
became more extreme, more rigorously exact, and more distressing
to his master. Newman was in the position of a cautious
commander-in-chief being hurried into an engagement against his
will by a dashing cavalry officer. Ward forced him forward step
by step towards - no! he could not bear it; he shuddered and drew
back. But it was of no avail. In vain did Keble and Pusey wring
their hands and stretch forth their pleading arms to their now
vanishing brother. The fatal moment was fast approaching. Ward at
last published a devastating book in which he proved
conclusively, by a series of syllogisms, that the only proper
course for the Church of England was to repent in sackcloth and
ashes her separation from the Communion of Rome. The reckless
author was deprived of his degree by an outraged University, and
a few weeks later was received into the Catholic Church.

Newman, in a kind of despair, had flung himself into the labours
of historical compilation. His views of history had changed since
the days when, as an undergraduate, he had feasted on the worldly
pages of Gibbon. 'Revealed religion,' he now thought, 'furnishes
facts to other sciences, which those sciences, left to
themselves, would never reach. Thus, in the science of history,