[6]. "Polyptique d'Irminon," by Guérard. In this work we see the
prosperity of the domain belonging to the Abbey of St. Germain des
Près at the end of the eighth century. According to M. Guérard's
statistics, the peasantry of Paliseau were about as prosperous in the
time of Charlemagne as at the present day.

[7]. Taine's definition would also fit contemporary (1999) drugs
and video entertainment which also provide mankind with both hope,
pleasure and entertainment. (SR.)

[8]. There are twenty-five thousand lives of the saints, between
the sixth and the tenth centuries, collected by the Bollandists. - The
last that are truly inspired are those of St. Francis of Assisi and
his companions at the beginning of the fourteenth century. The same
vivid sentiment extends down to the end of the fifteenth century in
the works of Fra Angelico and Hans Memling. - The Sainte Chapelle in
Paris, the upper church at Assisi, Dante's Paradise, and the Fioretti,
furnish an idea of these visions. As regards modern literature, the
state of a believer's soul in the middle ages is perfectly described
in the "Pélerinage à Kevlaar," by Henri Heine, and in "Les Reliques
vivantes," by Tourgueneff.

[9]. As, for example, Tertulle, founder of the Platagenet family,
Rollo, Duke of Normandy, Hugues, Abbot of St. Martin of Tours and of
St. Denis.

[10]. See the "Cantilenes" of the tenth century in which the
"Chansons de Geste" are foreshadowed.

[11]. Laws governing the feudal system (1372) where the feudal lord