to the Comte d'Artois. - Châteaubriand, "Mémoires," I.73.

[27]. Renauldon, ibid.. 249, 258. "There are few seignioral towns
which have a communal slaughter-house. The butcher must obtain special
permission from the seignior." - The tax on grinding was an average of
a sixteenth. In many provinces, Anjou, Berry, Maine, Brittany, there
was a lord's mill for cloths and barks.

[28]. Renauldon, ibid.. pp. 181, 200, 203; observe that he wrote
this in 1765. Louis XVI. suppressed serfdom on the royal domains in
1778; and many of the seigniors, especially in Franche-Comté, followed
his example. Beugnot, "Mémoires," V. I. p.142. - Voltaire, "Mémoire
au roi sur les serfs du Jura." - "Mémoires de Bailly," II. 214,
according to an official report of the Nat. Ass., August 7, 1789. I
rely on this report and on the book of M. Clerget, curate of Onans in
Franche-Comté who is mentioned in it. M. Clerget says that there are
still at this time (1789) 1,500,000 subjects of the king in a state of
servitude but he brings forward no proofs to support these figures.
Nevertheless it is certain that the number of serfs and mortmains is
still very great. National archives, H; 723, registers on mortmains in
Franche-Comté in 1788; H. 200, registers by Amelot on Burgundy in
1785. "In the sub-delegation of Charolles the inhabitants seem a
century behind the age; being subject to feudal tenures, such as mort-
main, neither mind nor body have any play. The redemption of mortmain,
of which the king himself has set the example, has been put at such an
exorbitant price by laymen, that the unfortunate sufferers cannot, and
will not be able to secure it.

[29]. Boiteau, ibid.. p. 25, (April, 1790), - Beugnot, "Mémoires,"
I. 142.