their orders; wherefore Israel, Lacedaemon, and Rome entailed
their arms upon the prime of their citizens, divided, at least in
Lacedaemon and Rome, into youth and elders: the youth for the
field, and the elders for defence of the territory.

The third order "distributes the citizens into horse and
foot, by the sense or valuation of their estates; they who have
above œ100 a year in lands, goods, or moneys, being obliged to be
of the horse, and they who have under that sum to be of the foot.
But if a man has prodigally wasted and spent his patrimony, he is
neither capable of magistracy, office, or suffrage in the
commonwealth."

Citizens are not only to defend the commonwealth, but
according to their abilities, as the Romans under Servius Tullius
(regard had to their estates), were some enrolled in the horse
centuries, and others of the foot, with arms enjoined
accordingly, nor could it be otherwise in the rest of the
commonwealths, though out of historical remains, that are so much
darker, it be not so clearly probable. And the necessary
prerogative to be given by a commonwealth to estates, is in some
measure in the nature of industry, and the use of it to the
public. "The Roman people," says Julius Exuperantius, "were
divided into classes, and taxed according to the value of their
estates. All that were worth the sums appointed were employed in
the wars; for they most eagerly contend for the victory; who
fight for liberty in defence of their country and possessions.
But the poorer sort were polled only for their heads (which was
all they had) and kept in garrison at home in time of war; for
these might betray the armies for bread, by reason of their