upon that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and
that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction. Well, having got your
natural law in this way, when you are offered another apple which you
find is hard and green, you say, "All hard and green apples are sour;
this apple is hard and green, therefore this apple is sour." That
train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism, and has all its
various parts and terms,--its major premiss, its minor premiss, and its
conclusion. And, by the help of further reasoning, which, if drawn
out, would have to be exhibited in two or three other syllogisms, you
arrive at your final determination, "I will not have that apple." So
that, you see, you have, in the first place, established a law by
Induction, and upon that you have founded a Deduction, and reasoned out
the special conclusion of the particular case. Well now, suppose,
having got your law, that at some time afterwards, you are discussing
the qualities of apples with a friend: you will say to him, "It is a
very curious thing,--but I find that all hard and green apples are
sour!" Your friend says to you, "But how do you know that?" You at
once reply, "Oh, because I have tried it over and over again, and have
always found them to be so." Well. if we were talking science instead
of common sense, we should call that an Experimental Verification. And,
if still opposed, you go further, and say, "I have heard from the
people in Somersetshire and Devonshire, where a large number of apples
are grown, that they have observed the same thing. It is also found to
be the case in Normandy, and in North America. In short, I find it to
be the universal experience of mankind wherever attention has been
directed to the subject." Whereupon, your friend, unless he is a very
unreasonable man, agrees with you, and is convinced that you are quite
right in the conclusion you have drawn. He believes, although perhaps
he does not know he believes it, that the more extensive Verifications
are,--that the more frequently experiments have been made, and results