number in a 'Hylobates'. On the other hand, among the lower Apes, many
possess twelve dorsal and six or seven lumbar vertebrae; the
Douroucouli has fourteen dorsal and eight lumbar, and a Lemur ('Stenops
tardigradus') has fifteen dorsal and nine lumbar vertebrae.

[Footnote]* "More than once," says Peter Camper, "have I met
with more than six lumbar vertebrae in man.... Once I
found thirteen ribs and four lumbar vertebrae." Fallopius
noted thirteen pair of ribs and only four lumbar vertebrae;
and Eustachius once found eleven dorsal vertebrae and six
lumbar vertebrae.--'Oeuvres de Pierre Camper', T. 1, p.
42. As Tyson states, his 'Pygmie' had thirteen pair of ribs
and five lumbar vertebrae. The question of the curves of
the spinal column in the Apes requires further
investigation.

The vertebral column of the Gorilla, as a whole, differs from that of
Man in the less marked character of its curves, especially in the
slighter convexity of the lumbar region. Nevertheless, the curves are
present, and are quite obvious in young skeletons of the Gorilla and
Chimpanzee which have been prepared without removal of the ligaments.
In young Orangs similarly preserved, on the other hand, the spinal
column is either straight, or even concave forwards, throughout the
lumbar region.

Whether we take these characters then, or such minor ones as those which
are derivable from the proportional length of the spines of the
cervical vertebrae, and the like, there is no doubt whatsoever as to
the marked difference between Man and the Gorilla; but there is as
little, that equally marked differences, of the very same order, obtain