estimates the cranial contents of a Negress at 1127 cubic centimetres;
of an old Negro at 1146 cubic centimetres. The capacity of the Malay
skulls, estimated by water, equalled 36, 33 ounces, whilst in the
diminutive Hindoos it falls to as little as 27 ounces."

[footnote] *Estimating the facial angle in the way
suggested, on the cast I should place it at 64 degrees to
67 degrees.--G. B.

After comparing the Neanderthal cranium with many others, ancient and
modern, Professor Schaaffhausen concludes thus:--

"But the human bones and cranium from the Neanderthal exceed all the
rest in those peculiarities of conformation which lead to the
conclusion of their belonging to a barbarous and savage race. Whether
the cavern in which they were found, unaccompanied with any trace of
human art, were the place of their interment, or whether, like the bones
of extinct animals elsewhere, they had been washed into it, they may
still be regarded as the most ancient memorial of the early inhabitants
of Europe."

Mr. Busk, the translator of Dr. Schaaffhausen's paper, has enabled us to
form a very vivid conception of the degraded character of the
Neanderthal skull, by placing side by side with its outline, that of
the skull of a Chimpanzee, drawn to the same absolute size.

Some time after the publication of the translation of Professor
Schaaffhausen's Memoir, I was led to study the cast of the Neanderthal
cranium with more attention than I had previously bestowed upon it, in
consequence of wishing to supply Sir Charles Lyell with a diagram,