species. The fractures are vertical or oblique; none of them are
eroded; their colour does not differ from that of other fossil bones,
and varies from whitish yellow to blackish. All are lighter than
recent bones, with the exception of those which have a calcareous
incrustation, and the cavities of which are filled with such matter.

"The cranium which I have caused to be figured, Plate I., Figs. 1, 2, is
that of an old person. The sutures are beginning to be effaced: all the
facial bones are wanting, and of the temporal bones only a fragment of
that of the right side is preserved.

"The face and the base of the cranium had been detached before the skull
was deposited in the cave, for we were unable to find those parts,
though the whole cavern was regularly searched. The cranium was met
with at a depth of a metre and a half [five feet nearly], hidden under
an osseous breccia, composed of the remains of small animals, and
containing one rhinoceros tusk, with several teeth of horses and of
ruminants. This breccia, which has been spoken of above (p. 30), was a
metre [3 1/4 feet about] wide, and rose to the height of a metre and a
half above the floor of the cavern, to the walls of which it adhered
strongly.

"The earth which contained this human skull exhibited no trace of
disturbance: teeth of rhinoceros, horse, hyaena, and bear, surrounded
it on all sides.

FIG. 22.--The skull from the cave of Engis--viewed from the right side.
'a' glabella, 'b' occipital protuberance, ('a' to 'b'
glabello-occipital line), 'c' auditory foramen.