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The Fathers of the Constitution; a chronicle of the establishment of the Union by Max Farrand
page 28 of 193 (14%)


CHAPTER III. THE CONFEDERATION

When peace came in 1783 there were in the United States
approximately three million people, who were spread over the
whole Atlantic coast from Maine to Georgia and back into the
interior as far as the Alleghany Mountains; and a relatively
small number of settlers had crossed the mountain barrier. About
twenty per cent of the population, or some six hundred thousand,
were negro slaves. There was also a large alien element of
foreign birth or descent, poor when they arrived in America, and,
although they had been able to raise themselves to a position of
comparative comfort, life among them was still crude and rough.
Many of the people were poorly educated and lacking in
cultivation and refinement and in a knowledge of the usages of
good society. Not only were they looked down upon by other
nations of the world; there was within the United States itself a
relatively small upper class inclined to regard the mass of the
people as of an inferior order.

Thus, while forces were at work favorable to democracy, the
gentry remained in control of affairs after the Revolution,
although their numbers were reduced by the emigration of the
Loyalists and their power was lessened. The explanation of this
aristocratic control may be found in the fact that the generation
of the Revolution had been accustomed to monarchy and to an upper
class and that the people were wont to take their ideas and to
accept suggestions from their betters without question or murmur.
This deferential attitude is attested by the indifference of
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