of emancipation. Though a Northern man, Lundy found his chief
support in the South until he was driven out by persecution.
Birney also resided in the South until he was forced to leave for
the same reason. The two men were in general accord in their main
lines of policy: both believed firmly in the use of political
means to effect their objects; both were at first
colonizationists, though Lundy favored colonization in adjacent
territory rather than by deportation to Africa.

Women were not a whit behind men in their devotion to the cause
of freedom. Conspicuous among them were Sarah and Angelina
Grimke, born in Charleston, South Carolina, of a slaveholding
family noted for learning, refinement, and culture. Sarah was
born in the same year as James G. Birney, 1792; Angelina was
thirteen years younger. Angelina was the typical crusader: her
sympathies from the first were with the slave. As a child she
collected and concealed oil and other simple remedies so that she
might steal out by night and alleviate the sufferings of slaves
who had been cruelly whipped or abused. At the age of fourteen
she refused to be confirmed in the Episcopal Church because the
ceremony involved giving sanction to words which seemed to her
untrue. Two years later her mother offered her a present of a
slave girl for a servant and companion. This gift she refused to
accept, for in her view the servant had a right to be free, and,
as for her own needs, Angelina felt quite capable of waiting upon
herself.

Of her own free will she joined the Presbyterian Church and
labored earnestly with the officers of the church to induce them
to espouse the cause of the slave. When she failed to secure