should be a short war of liberation in place of the continuance
of slavery, which was itself in his opinion the most cruel form
of war.

Slavery as a legally recognized institution disappeared with the
Civil War. The war against intemperance has made continuous
progress and this problem is apparently approaching a solution.
The war against war as a recognized institution has become the
one all-absorbing problem of civilization. The war against the
wrongs of women is being supplanted by efforts to harmonize the
mutual privileges and duties of men and women on the basis of
complete equality. As Samuel May predicted more than seventy
years ago, in the future women are certain to take a hand both in
the making and in the administration of law.



CHAPTER IV. THE TURNING-POINT

The year 1831 is notable for three events in the history of the
anti-slavery controversy: on the first day of January in that
year William Lloyd Garrison began in Boston the publication of
the Liberator; in August there occurred in Southampton, Virginia,
an insurrection of slaves led by a negro, Nat Turner, in which
sixty-one white persons were massacred; and in December the
Virginia Legislature began its long debate on the question of
slavery.

On the part of the abolitionists there was at no time any sudden
break in the principles which they advocated. Lundy did nothing