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Hispanic Nations of the New World; a chronicle of our southern neighbors by William R. (William Robert) Shepherd
page 50 of 172 (29%)
No sooner had Rivadavia assumed the presidency under the new
order of things than dissension at home and warfare abroad
threatened to destroy all that he had accomplished. Ignoring the
terms of the constitution, the provinces had already begun to
reject the supremacy of Buenos Aires, when the outbreak of a
struggle with Brazil forced the contending parties for a while to
unite in the face of the common enemy. As before, the object of
international dispute was the region of the Banda Oriental. The
rule of Brazil had not been oppressive, but the people of its
Cisplatine Province, attached by language and sympathy to their
western neighbors, longed nevertheless to be free of foreign
control. In April, 1825, a band of thirty-three refugees arrived
from Buenos Aires and started a revolution which spread
throughout the country. Organizing a provisional government, the
insurgents proclaimed independence of Brazil and incorporation
with the United Provinces of La Plata. As soon as the authorities
at Buenos Aires had approved this action, war was inevitable.
Though the Brazilians were decisively beaten at the Battle of
Ituzaingo, on February 20, 1827, the struggle lasted until August
28, 1828, when mediation by Great Britain led to the conclusion
of a treaty at Rio de Janeiro, by which both Brazil and the
Argentine Confederation recognized the absolute independence of
the disputed province as the republic of Uruguay.

Instead of quieting the discord that prevailed among the
Argentinos, these victories only fomented trouble. The
federalists had ousted Rivadavia and discarded the constitution,
but the federal idea for which they stood had several meanings.
To an inhabitant of Buenos Aires federalism meant domination by
the capital, not only over the province of the same name but over
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