ly lashed to the tent-poles, which were harnessed
to the sides of the animal as if he stood between
shafts, while the free ends were allowed to drag on
the ground. Both ponies and large dogs were
used as beasts of burden, and they carried
in this way the smaller children as well as the
baggage.

This mode of travelling for children was possi-
ble only in the summer, and as the dogs were some-
times unreliable, the little ones were exposed to a
certain amount of danger. For instance, when-
ever a train of dogs had been travelling for a long
time, almost perishing with the heat and their
heavy loads, a glimpse of water would cause
them to forget all their responsibilities. Some of
them, in spite of the screams of the women, would
swim with their burdens into the cooling stream,
and I was thus, on more than one occasion, made
to partake of an unwilling bath.

I was a little over four years old at the time of
the "Sioux massacre" in Minnesota. In the
general turmoil, we took flight into British
Columbia, and the journey is still vividly remem-
bered by all our family. A yoke of oxen and a
lumber-wagon were taken from some white farmer
and brought home for our conveyance.

How delighted I was when I learned that we