plain teaching of the facts. At such moments one felt that the man
who was charming but perplexing Englishmen by his subtlety and
ingenuity was not himself an Englishman in mental quality, but had
the love for abstractions and refinements and dialectical analysis
which characterizes the Scotch intellect. He had also a large
measure of that warmth and vehemence, called in the sixteenth
century the perfervidum ingenium Scotorum, which belong to the
Scottish temperament, and particularly to the Celtic Scot. He
kindled quickly, and when kindled, he shot forth a strong and
brilliant flame. To any one with less power of self-control such
intensity of emotion as he frequently showed would have been
dangerous; nor did this excitability fail, even with him, to prompt
words and acts which a cooler judgment would have disapproved. But
it gave that spontaneity which was one of the charms of his nature;
it produced that impression of profound earnestness and of
resistless force which raised him out of the rank of ordinary
statesmen. The tide of emotion swelling fast and full seemed to
turn the whole rushing stream of intellectual effort into whatever
channel lay at the moment nearest.

With these Scottish qualities, Mr. Gladstone was brought up at
school and college among Englishmen, and received at Oxford, then
lately awakened from a long torpor, a bias and tendency which never
thereafter ceased to affect him. The so-called "Oxford Movement,"
which afterward obtained the name of Tractarianism and carried Dr.
Newman, together with other less famous leaders, on to Rome, had not
yet, in 1831, when Mr. Gladstone won his degree with double first-
class honors, taken visible shape, or become, so to speak, conscious
of its own purposes. But its doctrinal views, its peculiar vein of
religious sentiment, its respect for antiquity and tradition, its