development of organisms.

In the life and development of organisms, we find the following
laws: the law of differentiation and integration, the law that
every phenomenon is accompanied not by direct consequences alone,
another law regarding the instability of type, and so on. All this
seems very innocent; but it is only necessary to draw the deductions
from all these laws, in order to immediately perceive that these
laws incline in the same direction as the law of Malthus. These
laws all point to one thing; namely, to the recognition of that
division of labor which exists in human communities, as organic,
that is to say, as indispensable. And therefore, the unjust
position in which we, the people who have freed ourselves from
labor, find ourselves, must be regarded not from the point of view
of common-sense and justice, but merely as an undoubted fact,
confirming the universal law.

Moral philosophy also justified every sort of cruelty and harshness;
but this resulted in a philosophical manner, and therefore wrongly.
But with science, all this results scientifically, and therefore in
a manner not to be doubted.

How can we fail to accept so very beautiful a theory? It is merely
necessary to look upon human society as an object of contemplation;
and I can console myself with the thought that my activity, whatever
may be its nature, is a functional activity of the organism of
humanity, and that therefore there cannot arise any question as to
whether it is just that I, in employing the labor of others, am
doing only that which is agreeable to me, as there can arise no
question as to the division of labor between the brain cells and the