the throne should not be hereditary. Events in France travelled more
swiftly than he had anticipated, and Paine was summoned by Lafayette,
Condorcet, and others, as an adviser in the formation of a new
constitution.

Such was the situation immediately preceding the political and
literary duel between Paine and Burke, which in the event turned out
a tremendous war between Royalism and Republicanism in Europe. Paine
was, both in France and in England, the inspirer of moderate
counsels. Samuel Rogers relates that in early life he dined at a
friend's house in London with Thomas Paine, when one of the toasts
given was the " memory of Joshua,"-in allusion to the Hebrew leader's
conquest of the kings of Canaan, and execution of them. Paine
observed that he would not treat kings like Joshua. " I 'm of the
Scotch parson's opinion," he said, "when he prayed against Louis
XIV.-`Lord, shake him over the mouth of hell, but don't let him drop!
' " Paine then gave as his toast, " The Republic of the World,"-which
Samuel Rogers, aged twenty-nine, noted as a sublime idea. This was
Paine's faith and hope, and with it he confronted the revolutionary
storms which presently burst over France and England.

Until Burke's arraignment of France in his parliamentary speech
(February 9, 1790), Paine had no doubt whatever that he would
sympathize with the movement in France, and wrote to him from that
country as if conveying glad tidings. Burke's " Reflections on the
Revolution in France " appeared November 1, 1790, and Paine at once
set himself to answer it. He was then staying at the Angel Inn,
Islington. The inn has been twice rebuilt since that time, and from
its contents there is preserved only a small image, which perhaps was
meant to represent " Liberty,"-possibly brought from Paris by Paine