that a national contest. The brave, though untrained and ill-
disciplined warriors, fell before the Romans, just as the Red Man
of North America was vanquished by the English settlers.





II. THE ROMAN.


The Romans acted with regard to all conquered nations upon the
maxim, "To the victors the spoils." Britain was no exception. The
Romans were the first to discover or create an ESTATE OF USES in
land, as distinct from an estate of possession. The more ancient
nations, the Jews and the Greeks, never recognized THE ESTATE OF
USES, though there is some indication of it in the relation
established by Joseph in Egypt, when, during the years of famine,
he purchased for Pharaoh the lands of the people. The Romans having
seized upon lands in Italy belonging to conquered nations,
considered them public lands, and rented them to the soldiery, thus
retaining for the state the estate in the lands, but giving the
occupier an estate of uses. The rent of these public lands was
fixed at one tenth of the produce, and this was termed USUFRUCT--
the use of the fruits.

The British chiefs, who submitted to the Romans, were subjected to
a tribute or rent in corn; it varied, according to circumstances,
from one fifth to one twentieth of the produce. The grower was
bound to deliver it at the prescribed places. This was felt to be a