were believed to have found their way back to England. The story of
Chanceler's voyage and the following endeavours to open Muscovy to
English trade is here given, as it was told in Hakluyt's collection
of "The Principal Navigations, Voyages, and Discoveries made by the
English Nation," the folio published in 1589.

The story of our first contact with Russia belongs to the days of
Ivan the Terrible. The Russians are a Slavonic people, with Finnish
elements to the North and Mongolian to the South, and old contact
with the Swedes, from whom they are supposed to have got their name
through the Finnish Ruotsi, a corruption, it is said, of the Swedish
rothsmenn--rowers. Legends point also to a Scandinavian settlement
in the ninth century in Northern Russia. A chief Igor, whose name
is supposed to represent the Scandinavian Ingvar, was trained by a
warrior chief Oleg (Scandinavian Helgi?), who attacked Byzantium and
wrung tribute from the Greeks. After the death of Oleg, Igor
reigned, and after the death of Igor his wife Olga was regent, and
was baptised at Byzantium in the year 955. Her son Sviotoslaff the
first chief with a Slavonic name, was a conquering chief, who did
not become Christian. He was killed in battle, and his skull was
made into a drinking-cup. His son Vladimir was a cruel warrior, who
took to Christianity, was baptised in the year 988, and caused the
image of the Slavonic god of Thunder, Perun, to be first cudgelled
and then thrown into a river. Vladimir, who first introduced
Christianity, divided his dominions, leaving Novgorod to his son
Yaroslaff, who established the first code of laws. After the death
of Yaroslaff, in the year 1054, Russia was broken into petty
principalities, until the year 1238, when there was a great invasion
of the Mongols, who became a great disturbing power, and remained so
until the year 1462, when Ivan III. began the consolidation of a