OF THE EMPEROR.

The Emperor's name in their tongue is Evan Vasilivich; that is as
much as to say, John, the son of Vasilie. And by his princely state
he is called Otesara, as his predecessors have been before; which,
to interpret, is "A King that giveth not tribute to any man." And
this word Otesara, his Majesty's interpreters have of late days
interpreted to be an Emperor; so that now he is called Emperor and
Great Duke of all Russia, &c. Before his father, they were neither
called Emperors nor Kings, but only Ruese Velike; that is to say,
Great Duke. And as this Emperor, which now is Ivan Vasilivich, doth
exceed his predecessors in name--that is, from a Duke to an Emperor-
-even so much by report he doth exceed them in stoutness of courage
and valiantness, and a great deal more: for he is no more afraid of
his enemies, which are not a few, than the hobby of the larks.

His enemies with whom he hath wars for the most part are these:-
Litto Poland, Sweden, Denmark, Lifland, the Crimmes, Nagaians, and
the whole nation of the Tartarians, which are a stout and a hardy
people as any under the sun.

This Emperor useth great familiarity, as well unto all his nobles
and subjects, as also unto Strangers which serve him either in his
wars or in occupations: for his pleasure is that they shall dine
oftentimes in the year in his presence; and, besides that, he is
oftentimes abroad, either at one church or another, and walking with
his noblemen abroad. And by this means he is not only beloved of
his nobles and commons, but also had in great dread and fear through
all his dominions, so that I think no prince in Christendom is more