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An Essay Upon Projects by Daniel Defoe
page 27 of 185 (14%)
return made, even by them who did not the injury, in bare respect to
his ingenuity.

A while before this several people, under the patronage of some
great persons, had engaged in planting of foreign colonies (as
William Penn, the Lord Shaftesbury, Dr. Cox, and others) in
Pennsylvania, Carolina, East and West Jersey, and the like places,
which I do not call projects, because it was only prosecuting what
had been formerly begun. But here began the forming of public
joint-stocks, which, together with the East India, African, and
Hudson's Bay Companies, before established, begot a new trade, which
we call by a new name stock-jobbing, which was at first only the
simple occasional transferring of interest and shares from one to
another, as persons alienated their estates; but by the industry of
the Exchange brokers, who got the business into their hands, it
became a trade, and one perhaps managed with the greatest intrigue,
artifice, and trick that ever anything that appeared with a face of
honesty could be handled with; for while the brokers held the box,
they made the whole Exchange the gamesters, and raised and lowered
the prices of stocks as they pleased, and always had both buyers and
sellers who stood ready innocently to commit their money to the
mercy of their mercenary tongues. This upstart of a trade, having
tasted the sweetness of success which generally attends a novel
proposal, introduces the illegitimate wandering object I speak of,
as a proper engine to find work for the brokers. Thus stock-jobbing
nursed projecting, and projecting, in return, has very diligently
pimped for its foster-parent, till both are arrived to be public
grievances, and indeed are now almost grown scandalous.


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