III. ITALIAN CONTRIBUTIONS To EXPLORATION(1200-1500)...41

IV. PIONEER WORK OF PORTUGAL(1400-1527)...60

V. SPANISH MONARCHY IN THE AGE OF COLUMBUS (1474-1525)...79

VI. POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS OF CENTRAL EUROPE (1400-1650)...104

VII. THE SYSTEM OF CHARTERED COMMERCIAL COMPANIES (1550-1700)...123

VIII. TYPICAL AMERICAN COLONIZING COMPANIES (1600-1628)...147

IX. THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION ON THE CONTINENT (1500-1625)...168

X. RELIGIOUS WARS IN THE NETHERLANDS AND GERMANY (1520-1648)...179

XI. THE ENGLISH CHURCH AND THE CATHOLICS (1534-1660)...200

XII. THE ENGLISH PURITANS AND THE SECTS (1550-1689)...210

XIII. THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF ENGLAND (1500-1689)...240

XIV. THE ENGLISH COUNTY AND ITS OFFICERS (1600-1650)...261

XV. ENGLISH JUSTICES OP THE PEACE (1600-1650)...274

XVI. ENGLISH PARISH OR TOWNSHIP GOVERNMENT (1600-1650)...290

XVII. CRITICAL ESSAY ON AUTHORITIES...316