among themselves as participants in a monopoly which was
leased from the viceroy. Conde received a thousand crowns
a year, and the new company also agreed to take out six
families of colonists each season. In return it was
granted the monopoly for eleven years. De Monts was a
member of the company and Quebec became its headquarters
in Canada. But the moving spirit was Champlain, who was
appointed lieutenant to the viceroy with a salary and
the right to levy for his own purposes four men from each
ship trading in the river.

Once more disappointment followed. Save for De Monts,
Champlain's company was not inspired by Champlain's
patriotism. During the first three years of its existence
the obligation to colonize was wilfully disregarded,
while in the fourth year the treatment accorded Louis
Hebert shows that good faith counted for as little with
the fur traders when they acted in association as when
they were engaged in cut-throat competition.

Champlain excepted, Hebert was the most admirable of
those who risked death in the attempt to found a settlement
at Quebec. He was not a Norman peasant, but a Parisian
apothecary. We have already seen that he took part in
the Acadian venture of De Monts and Poutrincourt. After
the capture of Port Royal by the English he returned to
France (1613) and reopened his shop. Three years later
Champlain was authorized by the company to offer him and
his family favourable terms if they would emigrate to
Quebec, the consideration being two hundred crowns a year