--------
pppppppp
rnbkqbnr
Black

[Diagram of a standard chessboard, white pieces at the top,
black pieces at the bottom.]

Derived from the Persian Chatrang, 537-540 A.D.

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833-842.
Problem I. by the Caliph MU'TASIM BILLAH.
Black
-k------
RnR-----
bN-p--r-
p-nQpB--
p--N-b-r
--------
-P--P---
-qBK----
White
White to move, and give checkmate at the ninth move.

------

About 1380.
Problem II. by 'ALI SHATRANJ.