by which they bound themselves to offer no aid to Frederick V.

"The Imperial forces then marched to Bohemia and attacked Frederick's
army outside Prague, and in less than an hour completely defeated
it. Frederick escaped with his family to Holland. Ferdinand then
took steps to carry out his oath. The religious freedom granted by
Mathias was abolished. In Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, and Austria
proper. Many of the promoters of the rebellion were punished in
life and property. The year following all members of the Calvinistic
sect were forced to leave their country, a few months afterwards
the Lutherans were also expelled, and in 1627 the exercise of all
religious forms except those of the Catholic Church was forbidden;
200 of the noble, and 30,000 of the wealthier and industrial classes,
were driven into exile; and lands and property to the amount of
5,000,000 or 6,000,000 pounds were confiscated.

"The hereditary dominions of Frederick V were invaded, the Protestants
were defeated, the Palatinate entirely subdued, and the electorate
was conferred upon Maximilian of Bavaria; and the rigid laws against
the Protestants were carried into effect in the Palatinate also.
It had now become evident to all Europe that the Emperor of Austria
was determined to stamp out Protestantism throughout Germany; and
the Protestant princes, now thoroughly alarmed, besought aid from
the Protestant countries, England, Holland, and Denmark. King James,
who had seen unmoved the misfortunes which had befallen his daughter
and her husband, and who had been dead to the general feeling of
the country, could no longer resist, and England agreed to supply
an annual subsidy; Holland consented to supply troops; and the King
of Denmark joined the League, and was to take command of the army.