1884, and first published in Mind, vol. x (1885).--This, and
the following articles have received a very slight verbal
revision, consisting mostly in the omission of redundancy.]

The following inquiry is (to use a distinction familiar
to readers of Mr. Shadworth Hodgson) not an inquiry into
the 'how it comes,' but into the 'what it is' of
cognition. What we call acts of cognition are evidently
realized through what we call brains and their events,
whether there be 'souls' dynamically connected with the
brains or not. But with neither brains nor souls has this
essay any business to transact. In it we shall simply
assume that cognition IS produced, somehow, and limit
ourselves to asking what elements it contains, what
factors it implies.

Cognition is a function of consciousness. The first factor it
implies is therefore a state of consciousness wherein the cognition
shall take place. Having elsewhere used the word 'feeling' to
designate generically all states of consciousness considered
subjectively, or without respect to their possible function, I shall
then say that, whatever elements an act of cognition may imply
besides, it at least implies the existence of a FEELING. [If the
reader share the current antipathy to the word 'feeling,' he may
substitute for it, wherever I use it, the word 'idea,' taken in the
old broad Lockian sense, or he may use the clumsy phrase 'state of
consciousness,' or finally he may say 'thought' instead.]

Now it is to be observed that the common consent of mankind has
agreed that some feelings are cognitive and some are simple