to pay reverence to matter, he in general values it the more highly the
less compact it is. He sees on the one hand how easy it is to lose his
life on the surging waves, and on the other, he sees that from these
same waters he is nurtured, and his life prolonged." Thus it is that
the map of Finland is to this day full of names like Pyhojarvi (sacred
lake) and Pyhajoki (sacred river). Some of the Finlanders still offer
goats and calves to these sacred waters; and many of the Ugrian clans
still sacrifice the reindeer to the river Ob. In Esthonia is a
rivulet, Vohanda, held in such reverence that until very recently, none
dared to fell a tree or cut a shrub in its immediate vicinity, lest
death should overtake the offender within a year, in punishment for his
sacrilege. The lake, Eim, is still held sacred by the Esthonians, and
the Eim-legend is thus told by F. Thiersch, quoted also by Grimm and by
Mace da Charda:


"Savage, evil men dwelt by its borders. They neither mowed the meadows
which it watered, nor sowed the fields which it made fruitful, but
robbed and murdered, insomuch that its clear waves grew dark with the
blood of the slaughtered men. Then did the lake Him mourn, and one
evening it called together all its fishes, and rose aloft with them
into the air. When the robbers heard the sound, they exclaimed: 'Eim
hath arisen; let us gather its fishes and treasures.' But the fishes
had departed with the lake, and nothing was found on the bottom but
snakes, and lizards, and toads. And Eim rose higher, and higher, and
hastened through the air like a white cloud. And the hunters in the
forest said: 'What bad weather is coming on!' The herdsmen said: 'What
a white swan is flying above there!' For the whole night the lake
hovered among the stars, and in the morning the reapers beheld it
sinking. And from the swan grew a white ship, and from the ship a dark