is usual for the temperature to rise during a blizzard, and the failure
to produce any Föhn effect of this nature suggested an absence of high
land for at least 200 miles to the south and south-west. The weather
did not clear until the 16th. We saw then that the appearance of the
surrounding pack had been altered completely by the blizzard. The
"island" floe containing the 'Endurance' still stood fast, but cracks
and masses of ice thrown up by pressure could be seen in all
directions. An area of open water was visible on the horizon to the
north, with a water indication in the northern sky.

The ice-pressure, which was indicated by distant rumblings and the
appearance of formidable ridges, was increasingly a cause of anxiety.
The areas of disturbance were gradually approaching the ship. During
July 21 we could bear the grinding and crashing of the working floes to
the south-west and west and could see cracks opening, working, and
closing ahead.

"The ice is rafting up to a height of 10 or 15 ft. in places, the
opposing floes are moving against one another at the rate of about 200
yds. per hour. The noise resembles the roar of heavy, distant surf.
Standing on the stirring ice one can imagine it is disturbed by the
breathing and tossing of a mighty giant below."

Early on the afternoon of the 22nd a 2-ft. crack, running south-west
and north-east for a distance of about two miles, approached to within
35 yds. of the port quarter. I had all the sledges brought aboard and
set a special watch in case it became necessary to get the dogs off the
floe in a hurry. This crack was the result of heavy pressure 300 yds.
away on the port bow, where huge blocks of ice were piled up in wild
and threatening confusion. The pressure at that point was enormous.