the general in custody this would in all probability have followed
very shortly, as his sons, who were left at large, did not possess
any of their father's qualifications for leadership. Garibaldi,
however, escaped eighteen days later, and again joined his band,
which had meanwhile been defeated by the Pope's troops in a few
small engagements, and had gained one or two equally insignificant
advantages over the latter. As soon as it was known that Garibaldi
was again at large, a simultaneous movement began, the numerous
Garibaldian emissaries who had arrived in Rome stirring up an
attempt at insurrection within the city, while Garibaldi himself
made a bold dash and seized Monte Rotondo, another force at the
same time striking at Sutbiaco, which, by a strange ignorance of
the mountains, Garibaldi appears to have believed to be the
southern key to the Campagna. In consequence of the protestations
of the French minister to the court of Italy, and perhaps, too, in
consequence of the approach of a large body of French troops by
sea, the Italian Government again issued a proclamation against
Garibaldi, who, however, remained in his strong position at Monte
Rotondo. Finally, on the 30th of October, the day on which the
French troops re-entered Rome, the Italians made a show of
interfering in the Pope's favour, General Menatiea authorising the
Italian forces to enter the Papal States in order to maintain
order. They did not, however, do more than make a short advance,
and no active measures were taken, but Garibaldi was routed on the
3d and 4th of November by the Papal forces, and his band being
dispersed the incident was at an end. But for the armed
intervention of France the result would have been that which
actually came about in 1870, when, the same Convention being still
valid, the French were prevented by their own disasters from
sending a force to the assistance of the Pope.