him even more invidious treatment.

Now, although many thousands of equally harmless persons had
been similarly treated, this particular outrage was made the
occasion of a vehement protest to the mayor of the city by a
certain member of the judiciary, who pointed out that such
things in a civilized community were shocking beyond measure,
and called upon the mayor to remove the commissioner of police
and all his staff of deputy commissioners for openly violating
the law which they were sworn to uphold. But, the
commissioner of police, who had sometimes enforced the penal
statutes in a way to make him unpopular with machine
politicians, saw nothing wrong in what he had done, and, what
was more, said so most outspokenly. The judge said, "You
did," and the commissioner said, "I didn't." Specifically,
the judge was complaining of what had been done to Duffy, but
more generally he was charging the police with despotism and
oppression and with systematically disregarding the sacred
liberties of the citizens which it was their duty to protect.

Accordingly the mayor decided to look into the matter for
himself, and after a lengthy investigation came to the alleged
conclusion that the "mugging" of Duffy was a most
reprehensible thing and that all those who were guilty of
having any part therein should be instantly removed from
office. He, therefore, issued a pronunciamento to the
commissioner demanding the official heads of several of his
subordinates, which order the commissioner politely declined
to obey. The mayor thereupon removed him and appointed a
successor, ostensibly for the purpose of having in the office