majority as against the individual?

Accordingly in devising our laws We have provided in every
possible way for the freedom of the citizen from all
interference on the part of the authorities. No one may be
stopped, interrogated, examined, or arrested unless a crime
has been committed. Every one is presumed to be innocent
until shown to be guilty by the verdict of a jury. No one's
premises may be entered or searched without a warrant which
the law renders it difficult to obtain. Every accused has the
right to testify in his own behalf, like any other witness.
The fact that he has been held for a crime by a magistrate and
indicted by a grand jury places him at not the slightest
disadvantage so far as defending himself against the charge is
concerned, for he must be proven guilty beyond any reasonable
doubt. These illustrations of the jealousy of the law for the
rights of citizens might be multiplied to no inconsiderable
extent. Further, our law allows a defendant convicted of
crime to appeal to the highest courts, whereas if he be
acquitted the people or State of New York have no right of
appeal at all.

Without dwelling further on the matter it is enough to say
that in general the State constitutions, their general laws,
or penal statutes provide that a person who is accused or
suspected of crime must be presumed innocent and treated
accordingly until his guilt has been affirmatively established
in a jury trial; that meantime he must not be confined or
detained unless a crime has in fact been committed and there
is at least reasonable cause to believe that he has committed