being placed by the lex Aelia Sentia on the footing of enemies
surrendered at discretion. This last and lowest class, however,
has long ceased to exist, and the title of Latin also had become
rare: and so in our goodness, which desires to raise and im-
prove in every matter, we have amended this in two consti-
tutions, and reintroduced the earlier usage; for in the earliest
infancy of Rome there was but one simple type of liberty,
namely that possessed by the manumitter, the only distinction
possible being that the latter was free born, while the manu-
mitted slave became a freedman. We have abolished the class
of ‘dediticii,’ or enemies surrendered at discretion, by our
constitution, published among those our decisions, by which,
at the suggestion of the eminent Tribonian, our quaestor, we
have set at rest the disputes of the older law. By another con-
stitution, which shines brightly among the imperial enactments,
and suggested by the same quaestor, we have altered the
position of the ‘Latini Iuniani,’ and dispensed with all the rules
relating to their condition; and have endowed with the citizen-
ship of Rome all freedmen alike, without regard to the age of
the person manuumitted, and nature of the master's ownership,
or the mode of manumission, in accordance with the earlier
usage; with the addition of many new modes in which freedom
coupled with the Roman citizenship, the only kind of freedom
now known may be bestowed on slaves.

TITLE VI
OF PERSONS UNABLE TO MANUMIT, AND THE
CAUSES OF THEIR INCAPACITY

In some cases, however, manumission is not permitted; for an