increasing every day, and the need of them creates the supply.

The great mistake made in England, next to that of sending out
worthless idle paupers, who have never done a hand's turn for
themselves here, and are still less likely to do it elsewhere, is
for parents and guardians to ship off to New Zealand young men who
have received the up-bringing and education of gentlemen, without a
shilling in their pockets, under the vague idea that something will
turn up for them in a new place. There is nothing which can turn
up, for the machinery of civilization is reduced to the most
primitive scale in these countries; and I have known 500 pounds per
annum regarded as a monstrous salary to be drawn by a hard-worked
official of some twenty years standing and great experience in the
colony. From this we may judge of the chances of remunerative
employment for a raw unfledged youth, with a smattering of classical
learning. At first they simply "loaf" (as it is called there) on
their acquaintances and friends. At the end of six months their
clothes are beginning to look shabby; they feel they _ought_ to do
something, and they make day by day the terrible discovery that
there is nothing for them to do in their own rank of life. Many a
poor clergyman's son, sooner than return to the home which has been
so pinched to furnish forth his passage money and outfit, takes a
shepherd's billet, though he generally makes a very bad shepherd for
the first year or two; or drives bullocks, or perhaps wanders
vaguely over the country, looking for work, and getting food and
lodging indeed, for inhospitality is unknown, but no pay. Sometimes
they go to the diggings, only to find that money is as necessary
there as anywhere, and that they are not fitted to dig in wet holes
for eight or ten hours a day. Often these poor young men go home
again, and it is the best thing they can do, for at least they have