by Madame Viardot, nor exactly what were his relations with this
extraordinary woman. Pauline Garcia was a great singer who made her
first appearance in Petersburg in 1843. Turgenev was charmed with her,
and they remained intimate friends until his death forty years later.
After this event, she published some of his letters. She died in Paris
in 1910, at the age of eighty-nine. It is reported that among her
papers is a complete manuscript novel by Turgenev, which he gave to
her some fifty years ago, on the distinct understanding that it should
not be published until ten years after her death. We must accordingly
wait for this book with what patience we can command. If this novel
really exists, it is surely a strange sensation to know that there is
a manuscript which, when published, is certain to be an addition to
the world's literature. It is infinitely more valuable on that account
than for any light it may throw on the relations between the two
individuals.

When Madame Viardot gave up the opera in 1864, and went to live at
Baden, Turgenev followed the family thither, lived in a little house
close to them, and saw them every day. He was on the most intimate
terms with her, with her husband, and with her daughters, whom he
loved devotedly. He was essentially a lonely man, and in this
household found the only real home he ever knew. It is reported that
he once said that he would gladly surrender all his literary fame if
he had a hearth of his own, where there was a woman who cared whether
he came home late or not. What direction the influence of Madame
Viardot on Turgenev took no one knows. Perhaps she simply supplied him
with music, which was one of the greatest passions and inspirations of
his life. This alone would be sufficient to account for their
intimacy. Perhaps she merely stimulated his literary activity, and
kept him at his desk; for, like all authors except Anthony Trollope,