Elephants. In all the timber-forests of southern India every
captive elephant is taught to perform all the following acts and
services, as I have witnessed on many occasions:

1. To _salaam,_ or salute, by raising the trunk.

2. To kneel, to receive a load or a passenger.

3. When standing, to hold up a fore-foot, to serve the driver as a
step in climbing to his place.

4. To lie down to be washed, first on one side and then on the
other.

5. To open the mouth. 6. To "hand up" any article from the
ground to the reach of a person riding.

7. To pull down an obstructing bough.

8. To halt.

9. To back.

10. To pick up the end of a drag-rope and place it between the
teeth.

11. To drag a timber.

12. To kneel and with the head turn a log over, or turn it with
the tusks if any are present.