role in the campaign was played, of course, by the Cadet bourgeoisie,
who were prompted by their class instincts to the knowledge that it was
not only a question of a drive, but also of all the further developments
of the revolution, and primarily of the fate of government control. The
bourgeoisie's machinery of "public opinion" revealed itself here in all
its power. All the organs, organizations, publications, tribunes and
pulpits were pressed into the service of a single common idea: to make
the Bolsheviki impossible as a political party. The concerted effort and
the dramatic newspaper campaign against the Bolsheviki already
foreshadowed the civil war which was to develop during the next stage of
the revolution.

The purpose of the bitterness of this agitation and libel was to create
a total estrangement and irrepressible enmity between the laboring
masses, on the one hand, and the "educated elements" on the other. The
liberal bourgeoisie understood that it could not subdue the masses
without the aid and intercession of the middle-class democracy, which,
as we have already pointed out, proved to be temporarily the leader of
the revolutionary organizations. Therefore, the immediate object of the
political baiting of the Bolsheviki was to raise irreconcilable enmity
between our party and the vast masses of the "socialistic
intellectuals," who, if they were alienated from the proletariat, could
not but come under the sway of the liberal bourgeoisie.

During the first All-Russian Council of Soviets came the first alarming
peal of thunder, foretelling the terrible events that were coming. The
party designated the 10th of June as the day for an armed demonstration
at Petrograd. Its immediate purpose was to influence the All-Russian
Council of Soviets. "Take the power into your own hands"--is what the
Petrograd workingman wanted to say plainly to the Social-Revolutionists