the growth of the feeling of solidarity.

An important reason for the backwardness of the coöperative movement
in this country is that American workmen "make, rather than save
money," whereas coöperation requires thrift, and a willingness to
practice small economies. Again, the efficiency and progressiveness of
our industrial system renders coöperative ventures less necessary in
this country than in some parts of Europe. It is particularly true
that retail stores in the United States are more efficient than
similar shops in England and on the Continent.

Altogether, the most successful coöperators in this country are not
native-born Americans, but groups of Finns, Russians, Slovaks, and
other peoples of immediately foreign derivation. It is among these
groups that the thrift and group solidarity demanded by coöperation
are best found.

119. LIMITS OF COÖPERATION.--Consumers' coöperation, coöperation in
credit, and coöperation in marketing all seek to improve the
capitalistic system by eliminating some of the unnecessary middlemen
from our industrial life. In so far as this is true, these forms of
coöperation are desirable developments, and deserve to succeed. Though
the movement is limited by the considerations set forth in the
preceding section, it is to be hoped that these three forms of
coöperation will in the future show a considerable development in this
country.

Producers' coöperation is a different affair. Rather than attempting
to decrease the number of unnecessary middlemen, it attempts to
supersede the entrepreneur or managing employer where he is most