opposed to those who disavow violence and rely chiefly upon political
weapons. The two best-known groups of militant socialists are the
Industrial Workers of the World and the Russian bolshevists.

132. POLITICAL SOCIALISM.--Many political socialists are personally so
mild and agreeable that the thought of unlawful action would never be
associated with them. The political socialist relies chiefly upon the
growing political power of the working class to effect the abolition
of capitalism. This emphasis upon political weapons has been
particularly noticeable among socialists living in democratic
countries where the franchise is widely extended, and where the will
of the people is reflected through the action of their chosen
representatives. The political socialist makes a large use of
propaganda. He tries to stir up the workingman, to create in him a
feeling of solidarity with his fellow workmen, and to incite a feeling
of antipathy toward, and dislike for, the employing class. The
political socialist emphasizes or exaggerates the undesirable side of
the laborer's life, and endeavors by promises of an industrial
millennium to rouse him to political action. "Workingmen of the world,
unite, you have nothing to lose but your chains," is the slogan of the
political socialist.

133. ALL SOCIALIST TEACHINGS TEND TOWARD VIOLENCE.--Though large
numbers of political socialists are peaceful and responsible citizens,
it should be noted that all socialist teachings tend to result in
violence. The insistence of socialism upon the class struggle, the
deliberate encouragement of industrial ill-will and the general policy
of obstructing the activities of government, all lead inevitably to
violence. Strikes involving bloodshed have in many instances been
traced to the teachings of political socialism. During the World War,