to develop an industrial basis of colonization.

7. HOLLAND.--The Dutch became aware of the commercial possibilities of
the New World when in 1609 Henry Hudson discovered the river which
bears his name. Trading posts were soon established in the
neighborhood, and in 1621 the West India Company was given full
authority to plant colonies in New Netherland. A brisk trade in furs
developed, but though the Company grew rich, the colonists were not
satisfied. The agriculturists along the Hudson had the benefit of a
fertile soil and a genial climate, but they operated their farms under
a feudal land system which allowed an overlord to take most of their
surplus produce. Moreover, the Dutch governors were autocratic, and
the settlers had little voice in the government of the colony. Loyalty
to Holland waned as the Dutch saw their English neighbors thriving
under less restrictive laws and a more generous land system, so that
when in 1664 the colony passed into the possession of the English, the
majority of the settlers welcomed the change.

8. ENGLAND.--The Spanish had been in the New World a century before
the English made any appreciable impression upon the continent of
North America. In 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert had made an unsuccessful
attempt to found a colony on the coast of Newfoundland, and a few
years later Sir Walter Raleigh's venture at Roanoke Island proved
equally disastrous. Colonization was retarded until 1588, in which
year England's defeat of the Spanish Armada destroyed the sea power of
her most formidable rival. The English may be said to have made
serious and consistent attempts at colonization only after this event.

Like France, England desired to set herself up as a successful
colonizing rival of Spain. Impelled by this motive, the earlier