designed to eliminate these evils. The doctrine of single tax is of
interest as advocating the abolition or confiscation of land value.
The coöperative conduct of industry is of increasing importance of
late years. We must also reckon with socialism as a movement which
seeks the redistribution of wealth. Under the general head of
socialism we shall have occasion to notice a small but active group
known as the Industrial Workers of the World, and the larger, though
related, group which recently conducted a socialist experiment in
Russia. The discussion of socialism completed, we shall sum up the
attitude of American democracy toward the whole problem of industrial
reform.

47. SOCIAL PROBLEMS.--Of the social problems which grow out of a bad
economic situation, none is more vital than the fostering of peace and
good will between labor and capital. Following the discussion of
industrial relations, we shall have occasion to notice a whole series
of social questions which have either been derived from, or
accentuated by, the rapid industrialization of our country. Grave
questions arise in connection with immigration, health, and the
cityward drift. The consideration of the problems of the city in turn
directs attention to the necessity of a normal rural life, and to the
importance of safeguarding the American home. Dependency is a familiar
problem, but one which, in the light of an awakened community spirit,
is now being studied from new and interesting angles. Last among
social problems is the fundamental matter of education. It is not too
much to claim that the ultimate fate of American democracy depends, to
a great extent, upon the vigor and intelligence with which we improve
and extend our educational system.

48. RELATION OF GOVERNMENT TO BUSINESS.--Since our material well-being